This Metasploit module exploits a remote command execution vulnerability in Apache Struts 2. The problem exists on applications running in developer mode, where the DebuggingInterceptor allows evaluation and execution of OGNL expressions, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code. This Metasploit module has been tested successfully in Struts 2.3.16, Tomcat 7 and Ubuntu 10.04.
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This Metasploit module exploits a remote command execution vulnerability in Apache Struts versions less than or equal to 2.2.1.1. This issue is caused because the ExceptionDelegator interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
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Whitepaper called The Source Is A Lie. Backdoors have always been a concern of the security community. In recent years the idea of not trusting the developer has gained momentum and manifested itself in various forms of source code review. For Java, being one of the most popular programming languages, numerous tools and papers have been written to help during reviews. While these tools and techniques are getting developed further, they usually focus on traditional programming paradigms. Modern concepts like Aspect Oriented Programming or the Java Reflection API are left out. Especially the use of Java’s Reflection API in conjunction with the lesser known “string pool” can lead to a new kind of backdoor. This backdoor hides itself from unwary reviewer by disguising its access to critical resources like credential through indirection. To raise the awareness about this particular kind of backdoor, this paper will provide a short introduction to the string pool, show how reflection can be used to manipulate it, demonstrate how a backdoor can abuse this, and discuss how it can be uncovered.
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Apache Struts2 versions 2.2.1.1 and below suffer from an ExceptionDelegator remote command execution vulnerability. Versions 2.3.1 and below suffer from remote command execution vulnerabilities related to CookieInterceptor and DebuggingInterceptor. Versions 2.3.1 and below suffer from a file overwrite vulnerability in ParametersInterceptor.
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