Race conditions arise when multiple threads attempt to access a shared resource without proper synchronization, often leading to vulnerabilities such as concurrent use-after-free. To mitigate their occurrence, operating systems rely on synchronization primitives such as mutexes, spinlocks, etc. In this paper, the authors present GhostRace, the first security analysis of these primitives on speculatively executed code paths. Their key finding is that all the common synchronization primitives can be microarchitecturally bypassed on speculative paths, turning all architecturally race-free critical regions into Speculative Race Conditions (SRCs).
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In this whitepaper, the authors introduce the first model-stealing attack that extracts precise, nontrivial information from black-box production language models like OpenAI's ChatGPT or Google's PaLM-2. Specifically, their attack recovers the embedding projection layer (up to symmetries) of a transformer model, given typical API access. For under $20 USD, their attack extracts the entire projection matrix of OpenAI's ada and babbage language models. They thereby confirm, for the first time, that these black-box models have a hidden dimension of 1024 and 2048, respectively. They also recover the exact hidden dimension size of the gpt-3.5-turbo model, and estimate it would cost under $2,000 in queries to recover the entire projection matrix. They conclude with potential defenses and mitigations, and discuss the implications of possible future work that could extend this attack.
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This is an interesting whitepaper called Compromising Industrial Processes using Web-Based Programmable Logic Controller Malware. The authors present a novel approach to developing programmable logic controller (PLC) malware that proves to be more flexible, resilient, and impactful than current strategies.
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In this paper, the authors show that the design of DNSSEC is flawed. Exploiting vulnerable recommendations in the DNSSEC standards, they developed a new class of DNSSEC-based algorithmic complexity attacks on DNS, they dubbed KeyTrap attacks. All popular DNS implementations and services are vulnerable. With just a single DNS packet, the KeyTrap attacks lead to a 2.000.000x spike in CPU instruction count in vulnerable DNS resolvers, stalling some for as long as 16 hours. This devastating effect prompted major DNS vendors to refer to KeyTrap as "the worst attack on DNS ever discovered". Exploiting KeyTrap, an attacker could effectively disable Internet access in any system utilizing a DNSSEC-validating resolver.
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This paper will walk you through the proof-of-concept and technical details of exploitation for IOActive's recent NFC relay attack on the newest Tesla vehicle, the Model Y. To successfully carry out the attack, IOActive reverse-engineered the NFC protocol Tesla uses between the NFC card and the vehicle, and they then created custom firmware modifications that allowed a Proxmark RDV4.0 device to relay NFC communications over Bluetooth/Wi-Fi using the Proxmark's BlueShark module.
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The 44CON 2024 Call For Papers has been announced. 44CON is the UK's largest combined annual Security Conference and Training event. The event takes place September 18th through the 20th, 2024 at the Novotel London West near Hammersmith, London.
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REcon is a computer security conference with a focus on reverse engineering and advanced exploitation techniques. It will be held June 28th through the 30th, 2024, in Montreal, Canada.
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Whitepaper called How To Install And Use Metasploit On Termux. Written in Arabic.
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The call for papers for Hardwear.io USA 2024 is open. It will take place May 31st through June 1, 2024.
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EuskalHack Security Congress seventh edition is a new proposal from the EuskalHack Computer Security Association, with the aim to promote the community growth and the culture in the digital security field. As usual, in this new edition proximity to our public and technical quality will be our hallmarks. With an estimated capacity of 200 people, EuskalHack Security Congress has established itself as the most relevant congress specialized in computer security in the Basque Country, and as a national reference. The profile of attendees include specialized companies, public organisms, professionals, hobbyists and students in the area of security and Information Technology. The congress will take place on the 21st and 22nd of June 2024 in the lovely city of Donostia San Sebastian (Gipuzkoa).
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In this paper, the authors show that as new encryption algorithms and mitigations were added to SSH, the SSH Binary Packet Protocol is no longer a secure channel: SSH channel integrity (INT-PST) is broken for three widely used encryption modes. This allows prefix truncation attacks where some encrypted packets at the beginning of the SSH channel can be deleted without the client or server noticing it. They demonstrate several real-world applications of this attack. They show that they can fully break SSH extension negotiation (RFC 8308), such that an attacker can downgrade the public key algorithms for user authentication or turn off a new countermeasure against keystroke timing attacks introduced in OpenSSH 9.5. They also identified an implementation flaw in AsyncSSH that, together with prefix truncation, allows an attacker to redirect the victim's login into a shell controlled by the attacker. Related proof of concept code from their github has been added to this archive.
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BSidesSF is soliciting submissions for presentations and panels for BSidesSF 2024 in San Francisco on May 4 and 5 2024.
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Whitepaper titled BLUFFS: Bluetooth Forward and Future Secrecy Attacks and Defenses. It presents six novel attacks affecting chips from many major Bluetooth vendors.
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The Nullcon Berlin 2024 Call For Papers is open. It will take place March 14th through the 15th, 2024 in Berlin, Germany. Training courses are March 11th through the 13th.
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The !CVE Project is an initiative to track and identify security issues that are not acknowledged by vendors but still are important for the security community.
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This whitepaper demonstrates that a passive network attacker can opportunistically obtain private RSA host keys from an SSH server that experiences a naturally arising fault during signature computation. In prior work, this was not believed to be possible for the SSH protocol because the signature included information like the shared Diffie-Hellman secret that would not be available to a passive network observer. The paper shows that for the signature parameters commonly in use for SSH, there is an efficient lattice attack to recover the private key in case of a signature fault. The authors provide a security analysis of the SSH, IKEv1, and IKEv2 protocols in this scenario, and use their attack to discover hundreds of compromised keys in the wild from several independently vulnerable implementations.
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BOOTSTRAP24, a hacker conference with that is heavy with hands-on participation, will take play February 24, 2024 in Austin, Texas, USA. The prior evening will be a mixer.
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Whitepaper called Everlasting ROBOT: the Marvin Attack. In this paper, the author shows that Bleichenbacher-style attacks on RSA decryption are not only still possible, but also that vulnerable implementations are common. The Marvin Attack is a return of a 25 year old vulnerability that allows performing RSA decryption and signing operations as an attacker with the ability to observe only the time of the decryption operation performed with the private key.
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Whitepaper called Cybersecurity in Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing: The Rise of Security in the Age of IoT, IIoT, ICS, and SCADA. This article examines Industry 4.0's relationship with the rapidly developing technologies Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and why cyber security is important in these areas.
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nullcon Goa 2023 will be having a live bug hunting competition to win money. Registration deadline is September 7, 2023. The conference will be held September 22nd through the 24th, 2023.
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This paper focuses on using Windows APIs to exploit and bypass modern day defense systems. The idea here is to understand the approach of how a modern day threat adversary would definitely help blue teamers to improve their defense mechanism. This article is useful for both blue and red teamers.
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This archive holds a whitepaper called Introduction to Web Pentesting. It provides basic configuration for Burpsuite Proxy along with basic exploitation cross site scripting, SQL injection, cross site request forgery, and open redirects. Two copies of the whitepaper are included. One is in English and one is in Bulgarian.
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The call for papers for Hardwear.io 2023 in the Netherlands is now open. It will take place November 2nd through the 3rd, 2023 at the Marriott Hotel, The Hague, Netherlands.
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Whitepaper titled Everyone Knows SAP, Everyone Uses SAP, Everyone Uses RFC, No One Knows RFC: From RFC to RCE 16 Years Later.
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The expressiveness of Turing-complete blockchains implies that verifying a transaction's validity requires executing it on the current blockchain state. Transaction fees are designed to compensate actors for resources expended on transactions, but can only be charged from transactions included in blocks. In this work, the authors show that adversaries can craft malicious transactions that decouple the work imposed on blockchain actors from the compensation offered in return by introducing three attacks.
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