Race conditions arise when multiple threads attempt to access a shared resource without proper synchronization, often leading to vulnerabilities such as concurrent use-after-free. To mitigate their occurrence, operating systems rely on synchronization primitives such as mutexes, spinlocks, etc. In this paper, the authors present GhostRace, the first security analysis of these primitives on speculatively executed code paths. Their key finding is that all the common synchronization primitives can be microarchitecturally bypassed on speculative paths, turning all architecturally race-free critical regions into Speculative Race Conditions (SRCs).
e0d3a753ac273a430c317cd67e808c20b6cdd914b31b24e71450d5fb4ad420afIn this paper, the authors show that under realistic assumptions, it is indeed possible to bypass TRR directly from JavaScript, allowing attackers to exploit the resurfaced Rowhammer bug inside the browser. In addition, their analysis reveals new requirements for practical TRR evasion. For instance, they discovered that activating many rows in rapid succession as shown in TRRespass may not always be sufficient to produce bit flips. The scheduling of DRAM accesses also plays an important role.
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