A vulnerability exists in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for Winsock (afd.sys) can be leveraged by an attacker to escalate privileges to those of NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM. Due to a flaw in AfdNotifyRemoveIoCompletion, it is possible to create an arbitrary kernel Write-Where primitive, which can be used to manipulate internal I/O ring structures and achieve local privilege escalation. This exploit only supports Windows 11 22H2 up to build 22621.963 (patched in January 2023 updates).
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This exploit leverages a file write vulnerability in the print spooler service which will restart if stopped. Because the service cannot be stopped long enough to remove the dll, there is no way to remove the dll once it is loaded by the service. Essentially, on default settings, this module adds a permanent elevated backdoor.
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