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<TITLE>The Hack FAQ: Netware Denial of Service</TITLE>
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<H2><A NAME="netwaredenial"></A> <A NAME="s22">22. Netware Denial of Service</A></H2>
<P>This section contains info regarding Netware Denial of Service.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss22.1">22.1 How can I abend a Netware server?</A>
</H2>
<P>These are per itsme:
<P>
<UL>
<LI> Netware 4.1 : type 512 chars on the console + NENTER = abend</LI>
<LI> Netware 3.11 : NCP request 0x17-subfn 0xeb with a connection number higher
than the maximum allowed will crash the server (yes you will need the APIs)</LI>
</UL>
<P>If you have console access, try this:
<P>
<UL>
<LI> At the server console type UNLOAD RENDIRFIX</LI>
<LI> Use your local copy of SYS:PUBLIC/RENDIR.EXE</LI>
<LI> In SYS:LOGIN type RENDIR (login not required, just attaching to the server)</LI>
</UL>
<P>Another thing to try, with console access, is LOAD RARPSERV.NLM quickly followed by UNLOAD RARPSERV.NLM
which will abend a Netware 4.11 server (tested with Service Pack 4 loaded). If RESTART AFTER ABEND is set
(which is the default) the server will reboot. Using UNICON to UNLOAD RARPSERV.NLM and it should unload
cleanly.
<P>There are several flaws regarding NCP that can allow for interesting Denial of Service that will crash a server.
One utility, Havoc, was released with
<A HREF="http://www.nmrc.org/pandora/index.html">Pandora</A>,
and a couple more (Burn and Yang) are available at
<A HREF="http://www.nmrc.org/files/netware/">http://www.nmrc.org/files/netware/</A>.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss22.2">22.2 Will Windows 95 cause server problems for Netware?</A>
</H2>
<P>By default Windows 95 shipped with long file names (LFN) and Packet Burst enabled, which created a unique problem -- if the server didn't have long
name space loaded (OS/2 name space) it caused problems with files and occassionally crashed the server. But the worse one was Packet Burst. Unless
you had at least a 3.11 server with the PBURST.NLM up and running, along with drivers for the server's network capable of handling Packet Burst, the
buffer space used for network connections and/or the buffer space on the network card created problems ranging from lockups to timeouts to abends.
<P>There were a couple of different fixes you could do, like updating the server for long name space and Packet Burst (sorry Netware 2.x users), or you
could update the clients' SYSTEM.INI file with the following entries:
<P>[nwredir]
SupportBurst=0
SupportLFN=0
<P>Alternately, a frame type (802.3) that doesn't support Packet Burst could be used, and you could enforce no LFNs via system policies.
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss22.3">22.3 Will Windows 95 cause network problems for Netware?</A>
</H2>
<P>If File & Print Sharing for Netware is configured and you have non-Windows 95 users, there could be serious network problems. How does this
happen? Here is a very simplified explanation -
<P>The way Netware advertises its file and print services is via Netware's proprietary (but widely documented) Service Advertising Protocol (SAP). How
to get to these resources is communicated via Routing Information Protocol (RIP) packets. Both SAP and RIP info are transmitted broadcast style.
Netware servers and even intelligent networking equipment that conform to the SAP and RIP protocol scheme (like routers) share this info dynamically
between each other.
<P>The problem is when Windows 95 is set up with File & Print Sharing for Netware, because the Windows 95 workstation does a lousy job of
implementing and interacting with the SAP and RIP info. As any LAN/WAN specialist will tell you, extra SAPs can quickly waste bandwidth, causing
timeouts and broadcast storms. And that is exactly what Windows 95 does. Netware 3.x and 4.x have released patches, but the easiest thing to do is
simply NOT use File & Print Sharing under Windows 95 -- use Netware's file and print services like they're supposed to be used, or use Client/FPS for
Microsoft networks instead.
<P>Can hackers take advantage of this? Here's the theory how:
<P>
<UL>
<LI> Turn on File & Print Sharing for Netware in Windows 95. </LI>
<LI> On an SLIST the Windows 95 workstation will show up. </LI>
<LI> In a Netware 3.x and 4.x environment, there is an internal network number and an external number. Windows 95 will only show an external number,
and since these numbers help determine how many hops away the service is, not having an internal one means (depending on your network layout) your
Windows 95 workstation is one hop closer. </LI>
<LI> When a regular user boots up, the user needs to get to the nearest server to find his prefered server's location from the nearest server's SAP and RIP
tables. Routers typically will simply pass on the name and address of the closest server attached to it. This with the hop counts will lead to a lot of
attachments to the Winodws 95 server. Therfore even a PREFERED SERVER variable in the NET.CFG would not help. </LI>
<LI> To keep clients from timing out with an error, Microsoft passes the user onto the prefered server IF the Windows 95 server is set up with the same
name. </LI>
<LI> In theory could create a \LOGIN directory and run your own LOGIN.EXE that grabbed the password and then send the client onto it's real server. </LI>
</UL>
<P>What could prevent this? Well, in a WAN environment a router could be configured to only allow SAPs to come from certain segments, or every one of
the workstations are running Windows 95 (which is probably Microsoft's solution). And even though I have heard from a dozen people stating that this
could be done, no one has said they've done it (the alternate LOGIN directory and trojan LOGIN.EXE).
<P>
<P>
<P>
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