KL-001-2021-002: CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller Hard-coded API Keys Exposed

Title: CommScope Ruckus IoT Controller Hard-coded API Keys Exposed
Advisory ID: KL-001-2021-002
Publication Date: 2021.05.26
Publication URL: https://korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2021-002.txt


1. Vulnerability Details

     Affected Vendor: CommScope
     Affected Product: Ruckus IoT Controller
     Affected Version: 1.7.1.0 and earlier
     Platform: Linux
     CWE Classification: CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials
     CVE ID: CVE-2021-33220


2. Vulnerability Description

     API keys for CommScope Ruckus are included in the IoT
     Controller OVA image, and are exposed to attackers who mount
     the filesystem.


3. Technical Description

     Ruckus vRIoT server software is available from the software
     library at: https://support.ruckuswireless.com/software/

     Once the OVA is imported into VirtualBox, a VMDK file is
     created. The VMDK file can be mounted and the directory
     structure and its contents can be perused. The virtual appliance
     contains clear text API keys that are hard-coded into the
     web application code. The API keys can be abused to gain
     information about deployed assets and send email via SendGrid
     as Commscope/Ruckus. While the AWS SECRET_KEY is exposed,
     an ACCESS_KEY is not.


4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation

     The vendor has released an updated firmware (1.8.0.0) which
     remediates the described vulnerability. Firmware and release
     notes are available at:

     https://www.commscope.com/globalassets/digizuite/917216-faq-security-advisory-id-20210525-v1-0.pdf


5. Credit

     This vulnerability was discovered by Jim Becher (@jimbecher)
     of KoreLogic, Inc.


6. Disclosure Timeline

     2021.03.30 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to
                  CommScope.
     2021.03.30 - CommScope acknowledges receipt and the intention
                  to investigate.
     2021.04.06 - CommScope notifies KoreLogic that this issue,
                  along with several others reported by KoreLogic,
                  will require more than the standard 45 business
                  day remediation timeline.
     2021.04.06 - KoreLogic agrees to extend disclosure embargo if
                  necessary.
     2021.04.30 - CommScope informs KoreLogic that remediation for
                  this vulnerability will be available inside of the
                  standard 45 business day timeline. Requests
                  KoreLogic acquire CVE number for this
                  vulnerability.
     2021.05.14 - 30 business days have elapsed since the
                  vulnerability was reported to CommScope.
     2021.05.17 - CommScope notifies KoreLogic that the patched
                  version of the firmware will be available the week
                  of 2021.05.24.
     2021.05.19 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE.
     2021.05.19 - MITRE issues CVE-2021-33220.
     2021.05.25 - CommScope releases firmware 1.8.0.0 and associated
                  advisory.
     2021.05.26 - KoreLogic public disclosure.


7. Proof of Concept

     With the VMDK file mounted at the current working directory:
     root@vriot:/# grep -R 'KIO_API_KEY' /VRIOT/ 2>/dev/null
     ./VRIOT/backend/settings/defaults.py:KIO_API_KEY = os.environ.get("KIO_API_KEY", "wxtPbzgNNWFlfBqhDfEDoZkQUxtnhWTq")

     $ egrep -r 'SECRET_KEY|ACCESS_KEY' ./VRIOT/*
     ./VRIOT/authServer/app/baseapp/settings.py:SECRET_KEY = 'db$04-yk#-3&=54s78d-tvu!+e3#621kj9s!3g$x3t^@m1m6#i'
     ./VRIOT/backend/settings/settings.py:SECRET_KEY = '%u9-#a6eo0!ukif-+kcg3=gc-zlh8o3@)rz@!-74(g*xa0c#bb'
     Binary file ./VRIOT/backend/lora/lorawan1.6.0.0.tar matches
     Binary file ./VRIOT/ops/scripts/image_push.pyc matches
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:// or it can get credentials from process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, etc
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="<your-access-key-id>"
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="<your-secret-access-key>"
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/README.md:(will also use `AWS_ACCESS_KEY` and `AWS_SECRET_KEY` if available)
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/aws4.js:    accessKeyId: env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID || env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY,
     ./VRIOT/ops/sqlite_modules/aws4/aws4.js:    secretAccessKey: env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY || env.AWS_SECRET_KEY,


     $ more ./VRIOT/authServer# more app/baseapp/settings.py
     ...
     # Email server settings.
     EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.sendgrid.net'
     EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'apikey'
     EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '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'
     EMAIL_PORT = 587
     EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
     ...

     Per https://sendgrid.com/docs/API_Reference/SMTP_API/integrating_with_the_smtp_api.html,
     the SendGrid password identified above is actually an API key, which can be
     used with the 'apikey' user to send email through the SendGrid platform as
     Commscope Ruckus.



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