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            Security Advisory - Apache Software Foundation
                  Apache HttpComponents / hc.apache.org

           Hostname verification susceptible to MITM attack

                       CVE-2014-3577 / CVSS 1.4

Apache HttpComponents (prior to revision 4.3.5/4.0.2) may be susceptible 
to a 'Man in the Middle Attack' due to a flaw in the default hostname 
verification during SSL/TLS when a specially crafted server side 
certificate is used.

Background
- ----------

During an SSL connection (https) the client verifies the hostname in 
the URL against the hostname as encoded in the servers certificate (CN,
subjectAlt fields). This is to ensure that the client connects to the
'real' server, as opposed to something in middle (man in the middle)
that may compromise end to end confidentiality and integrity.

Details
- -------

The flaw is in the default Apache HttpComponents 

              org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AbstractVerifier 

that is used in client mode for verification of hostname of the server
side certificate. It parsed the entire subject distinguished name (DN)
for the occurrence of any <CN=> substring (regardles of field).

Therefore a DN of with a O field such as

                  O="foo,CN=www.apache.org” 

and a CN of "www.evil.org” and ordered such that the O appears prior to
the CN field would incorrectly match match on the <www.apache.org> in
the O field as opposed to just the values in the CN and alternative
subject name(s). 

The doctored field can be any field but the CN field itself; including 
the <E> or emailAddress field as long as it appears before the CN (some 
CAs reorder the DN).

A third party in posession of such a doctored certificate and who also
has the ability to intercept or reroute the traffic to a https server
under its control (e.g. through DNS doctoring or various forms of
traffic rerouting or spoofing) can thus perform a 'man in the middle'
attack and compromise end to end confidentiality and integrety.

Note that while some certificate authorities may be relatively strict
on what they allow in the various fields - most are NOT; and allow 
for a relatively large amount of leeway in, for example, the OU 
and E fields.

Impact:
- -------

A man-in-the-middle can interpose itself between the server and the
code using an affected version of Apache HttpComponents as a client.

Leading to complete loss of end to end confidentiality and end to 
end integrety of the connection.

Versions affected: 
- ------------------
All versions prior to HttpClient 4.3.5 (including the Android port) 
and HttpAsyncClient 4.0.2. The fix was introduced in these versions.

http://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails|org.apache.httpcomponents|
httpclient|4.3.5|jar
http://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails|org.apache.httpcomponents|
httpasyncclient|4.0.2|jar

These have been silently pushed out to Maven central and Apache Dist 
as of 2014-08-1. An Android build was released on 2014-08-15.

Resolution
- ----------

A fix has been applied as of revision 1614065 and is part of release 
HttpClient 4.3.5 (including HttpClient port for Android against the
official Google Android SDK)and HttpClient (async) 4.0.2.

Upgrading to these versions newer resolves this issue.

Mitigations and work arounds
- ----------------------------

If upgrading to version 4.3.5/4.0.2 is not an option; one could change 
the default org.apache.http.conn.ssl.AbstractVerifier of earlier 
versions for revision 1614065 of newer.

Note that exploitation of this flaw also requires some level of DNS or
IP spoofing (or existing 'in the middle infrastructure' such as a corporate
proxy or other TCP level equipment en-route). This need may allow for site 
specific alternative mitigations.

Reproducing the flaw
- --------------------

If so required; the following statements will allow the testing of a
Apache HttpComponents client against a server with a thus crafted
certificate:

    openssl req -new -x509 -keyout /dev/stdout \
      -subj "/O=foo, CN=www.apache.org/CN=machine-domain-name/" \
      -set_serial 86653 -nodes |\
    openssl s_server -cert /dev/stdin -accept 8443 -www

and a Apache HttpComponents client that connects to
"https://www.apache.org:8443/" with the DNS entry for www.apache.org
pointing to the machine-domain-name.

Credits and timeline
- --------------------

The flaw was found and reported by Subodh Iyengar <http://www.subodh.io>,
and Will Shackleton <http://www.shackleton.io/> from Facebook. It was
reported on the 23rd of July. A fix was applied by and released on 
2014-08-01. An Android build was released on the  2014-08-15. This 
security advisory fully discloses the issue and current insights known 
to the Apache Software foundation (the vendor).

Apache would like to thank all involved for their help with this.

A similar issue was reported by Florian Weimer of Red Hat in 2012 and 
was fixed by https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=692442#56.
It has now been assigned CVE-2012-6153.


Common Vulnerability Scoring (Version 2) and vector
- ---------------------------------------------------

CVSS Base Score               5.8
Impact Subscore               4.9
Exploitability Subscore       8.6
CVSS Temporal       Score     4.8
CVSS Environmental Score      1.4
Modified Impact Subscore      5.2
    ------------------------------
    Overall CVSS Score        1.4

CVSS v2 Vector 
      AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P/E:F/RL:OF/RC:C/CDP:L/TD:L/CR:H/IR:L/AR:L

1.09 / : 1692 $
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